A large proportion of the neodymium consumed worldwide is used in the production of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) permanent magnets, which in turn are used in electric cars and wind turbines. It is also a component of catalysts in rubber production and is used as a dopant in the manufacture of phosphors. In glass production, it is processed in special optical glass and added to create color effects. It is used as an additive in magnesium alloys for the aircraft industry, to increase the strength of aluminum alloys, to modify stainless steels and to improve the properties of cast steels. It is also used in high-temperature resistant enamel coatings, in ceramic materials and in mixed oxides for automotive catalytic converters.